Karena Wabah Penyakit di Batavia, Pusat Pemerintahan Pindah ke Weltevreden


 


Bicara masa lampau Jakarta, kita tidak dapat terlepas dari nama Batavia. Bahkan juga semakin khusus Oud Batavia atau Batavia Lama. Nama Batavia diketahui sepanjang tahun. Tempat Batavia di teritori Jakarta Kota saat ini, diikuti adanya Stadhuis atau Balaikota, yang saat ini jadi Museum Riwayat Jakarta. Binnenland, demikianlah arti untuk teritori dalam tembok Batavia. Selain itu disebutkan buitenland atau luar kota.

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Kota Batavia makin lama makin remuk. Beberapa bangunan sempat dibakar serta dirusak. Makin lama Batavia ditinggal, ditambah lagi semenjak ada pandemi penyakit di situ.


Seterusnya Daendels mengalihkan pusat pemerintahannya ke luar kota. Tempatnya di seputar Lapangan Banteng saat ini. Dahulu disebutkan Waterlooplein serta sempat ada patung singa di situ. Di wilayah ini Daendels membangun istananya. Saat ini tempat itu jadi kantor Kementerian Keuangan.


Dahulu tempat itu masih berbentuk rawa. Pemiliknya namanya Anthony Paviljoen, hingga diberi nama Paviljoenved. Sesudah tanah itu dibeli oleh Cornelis Chastelein, namanya ditukar jadi Weltevreden. Di 1697 Chastelein bangun rumah dengan 2 buah kincir angin.


Chastelein-lah yang menamai Weltevreden. Kemungkinan sebab dia weltevreden atau 'benar-benar puas' saat meningkatkan perkebunan kopi. Semenjak itu banyak petinggi pemerintahan Belanda, pegawai perusahaan, serta beberapa orang Tionghoa kaya menetap di Weltevreden. Di Weltevreden wilayah pemukiman bumiputera serta warga miskin terdapat jauh di luar jalanan yang situasinya kurang penuhi ketentuan kesehatan.


Di 1733 seorang tuan tanah, Justinus Vinck, beli tanah luas Weltevreden lalu buka Pasar Tanah Abang serta Pasar Senen. Di 1749 Gubemur Jenderal Jacob Mossel membuat landhuis Weltevreden. Sekarang ini landhuis itu jadi kompleks RSPAD Gatot Subroto serta Gedung STOVIA (Museum Kebangkitan Nasional) di Jalan Abdul Rachman Saleh.


Demikianlah cerita singkat Weltevreden, tema yang dibicarakan di acara daring Museum Kebangkitan Nasional, "Weltevreden serta Jakarta Sekarang". Pembicaranya Mas A.J Susmana (Budayawan/Pengamat Riwayat) serta Mbak Vivin Sri Wahyuni (Pengamat Kota). Moderatornya Mas Dhanu Wibowo dari Museum Kebangkitan Nasional. Aktivitas dialog dibuka oleh Kepala Museum Kebangkitan Nasional Pak Agus Nugroho.


Trem serta beberapa transportasi di Weltevreden (Photo: tembak monitor dari makalah mbak Vivin) Perkotaan


Weltevreden sekarang jadi Batavia Baru. Di era ke-19 Batavia Baru diketahui jadi Ratu dari Timur. Demikian kata Mas Susmana.


Beliau mendapati info berupa syair kreasi Mas Marco Kartodikromo yang dimuat di Cahaya Djawa di 10 April 1918. Potongan syair itu berisi mengenai 'penjara di Weltevreden'. Nah, di mana letak penjara itu? Mungkinkah penjara Glodok? Pasti membutuhkan riset selanjutnya. "Mas Marco ialah murid dari Tirto Adhi Soerjo, seorang siswa dari STOVIA," kata Mas Susmana.


Dalam makalahnya mbak Vivin menjelaskan jika seputar 60 % warga Indonesia akan tinggal di wilayah perkotaan. Bermakna ada arus urbanisasi. Dahulu Jakarta sepi, sekarang ramai serta padat. Dahulu kendaraan jarang-jarang, sekarang kendaraan melimpah. Demikian mbak Vivin memvisualisasikan.


Lokasi: Indonesia

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